Early hair loss is medically termed as alopecia. Changes in the growth cycle leading to hair loss may be represented with the shortening of the anagen phase, premature ingression of the catagen phase, and the prolongation of the telogen phase. The normal hair-growth cycle is repeated about 20 times however, it can be modified or shortened by internal or external factors such as hormones, stress, concurrent disease, exposure to environmental pollution, and smoking. The anagen phase can be classified into a propagating anagen phase that involves the activation of new hair follicles, and an autonomous anagen phase, when hair growth and differentiation of hair follicles actively occur. Hair continues to grow during the anagen phase, followed by a transitional period of the catagen phase, which enters into the telogen phase, when hair is released from the follicle and falls. The hair-growth cycle comprises three distinct phases, the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases of independent hair follicles. The purpose of this review is to focus on the potential of ginseng and its metabolites on the prevention of hair loss and its underlying mechanisms. Although a number of therapies, such as finasteride and minoxidil, are approved medications, and a few others (e.g., tofacitinib) are in progress, a wide variety of structurally diverse classes of phytochemicals, including those present in ginseng, have demonstrated hair growth-promoting effects in a large number of preclinical studies. Other forms of hair loss include immunogenic hair loss, that is, alopecia areata. Androgens are the most important of these factors that cause androgenic alopecia. A variety of factors, such as hormones, nutritional status, and exposure to radiations, environmental toxicants, and medications, may affect hair growth. Through cyclical loss and new-hair growth, the number of hairs remains relatively constant. Hair undergoes three stages of hair cycle: the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. Progressive hair loss has a cosmetic and social impact. The functional aspect of scalp hair is not only to protect from solar radiation and heat/cold exposure but also to contribute to one’s appearance and personality.
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